Gingival hyperpigmentation can be defined as a darker gingival color beyond what is normally expected.
Pigmentation is contributed by-products of the physiological process such as melanin, melanoid, carotene, oxyhemoglobin, reduced hemoglobin, bilirubin and iron and/or pathological diseases, and conditions.
Melanin pigmentation results from melanin granules which are produced by melanoblasts.